Fundamentals
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HTTPS

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is an extension of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). It is used for secure communication over a computer network, and is widely used on the Internet

HTTPS is the same as HTTP, but then on top of SSL (or better: TLS).

One extra feature that is added besides TLS, is that servers and/or clients need to provide Certificates that can be used to unambiguously verify that a connection was established with an intended party, and not with a Man in the Middle.

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